Inclusive innovation in crop gene editing for smallholder farmers: Status and approaches

Gene editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas are breathing new life into expectations about the benefits of genetically modified crops for smallholder farmers in global South. In this article, we put these to test. We have interrogated both whether crop gene is employed and how done ways that more or less inclusive. To end, systematically investigated projects using analyzed their activities framework inclusive innovation. 3 main findings. First, indeed can be used target traits may benefit farmers. found 30 a variety smallholders. Second, use emerging slowly at best. The number relatively small, set targeted limited, countries engage small. And third, 2 distinct approaches innovation describe as spacecraft approach helicopter argue should not checkbox—where inclusion achieved if all types covered—but instead tool rendering visible choices been made inclusion, thus opening up such critical scrutiny.